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Analysis of collapse dynamics: The Mirror Cinema
On August 20, "Guardia di Finanza" authorities released a security camera video showing a very restricted view of the bridge collapse. However, a blurry image reflecting on the wet roof of a building reveals more, especially relating to the important first instants of the collapse.
This page is bilingual.

What do you think? Have you discovered more hints? Please comment...
1.) Video frame analysis: Camera view explained

The image below shows the camera view, the following text describes it:

  • Only part of pylon 9 is visible in the upper right corner of the image
  • The bridge deck is located approximately 45 meters above ground. Its orientation is shown by the black arrows
  • The red coloured area  mirrors a shape of the bridge deck, before collapse, and morphs its shape during collapse. This analysis decodes and explains those mirrored shapes and its different phases during collapse.
  • It is drawn on a building roof. While the bridge collapses, it acts as a canvas
  • Polcevera" is the riverbed. One can see the industrial buildings on the opposite riverside
  • When viewing the single images, please click the bigger view again to get a less compressed, better quality version.

f01-cut.png (425149 bytes)

2.) Video frame analysis: Original Video

Follow the >link to the original video< by the 'Guardia di Finanza' on Youtube by "RepTV" .  Watch it first to get a first impression of the dynamics.

3.) Video frame analysis: Annotated animated GIF

Here I took relevant frames from the original video, and added explanatory lines and annotations. The animation repeats itself and can not be stopped, but each single frame can be found in the photo collection further down this page. Scroll down to find translations IT to EN of the annotations added.
(The GIF may take a while to load, the timeline is shown, but the Youtube video control buttons of course do not work)

Genova polcevera bridge collapse analysis animation

( Should the animated GIF not display, please follow this >link< )

Switch to small slides album view
4.) Video stills analysis
* Click on a thumbnail an then the < and > arrows to step through frame for frame
* Or - Click the grey square above to toggle "all images on one page" - mode.


Notice: Click on the thumbnail and then on the larger image again to view it at a (slightly) higher quality, full screen.

To be precise: The the still images are taken from a video released by the "Guardia di Finanza" (Italian Tax Police), to which I am not affiliated. I have added colored lines and text.


01
Analysis of collapse dynamics: The Mirror Cinema : 01




02 - Right before collapse begins. The red outline delimits the mirrored bridge deck
Analysis of collapse dynamics: The Mirror Cinema : 02 - Right before collapse begins. The red outline delimits the mirrored bridge deck

Un attimo prima del colasso. L'impalcato tra i piloni 8 e 9 si riflette nel tetto bagnato sottostante, delineato dalla linea rossa






03 Road deck of pylon 9 detaches. Deck of pylon 8 remains in place. Gerber element in-between could be possibly visible (pink outline)
Analysis of collapse dynamics: The Mirror Cinema : 03 Road deck of pylon 9 detaches.  Deck of pylon 8 remains in place. Gerber element in-between could be possibly  visible (pink outline)

L'impalcato del pilone 9 si distacca (lato Sestri Ponente) da quello del pilone 8. Tra i due si intuisce l'elemento "Gerber", l'elemento a cavallo tra i due impalcati.






04 For a fraction of decond, a vehicle's headlight becomes visible (might be also sparc from electric cables). The bridge deck continues to tilt
Analysis of collapse dynamics: The Mirror Cinema : 04 For a fraction of decond, a vehicle's headlight becomes visible (might be also sparc from electric cables). The bridge deck continues to tilt

Per un istante è visibile un faro di un veicolo (oppure scintilla cavo elettrico in rottura)






05 The first debris become visible. In the image, their longitudinal shape is outlined by green lines.
Analysis of collapse dynamics: The Mirror Cinema : 05 The first debris become visible. In the image, their longitudinal shape is outlined by green lines.

Entrano nel campo visivo i primi detriti. Nell'immagine la loro struttura longitudinale è delimitata dalle linee verdi.






06
Analysis of collapse dynamics: The Mirror Cinema : 06

Entrano nel campo visivo altri detriti, sempre di forma longitudinale. Nell'immagine la loro struttura è delimitata dalle linee verdi.






07 The westernmost bridge deck becomes visible (light blue outline). Deducting from other images it is tilted 90° to its left and will later be found in the river bed, like a spade in the soil
Analysis of collapse dynamics: The Mirror Cinema : 07 The westernmost bridge deck becomes visible (light blue outline). Deducting from other images it is tilted 90° to its left and will later be found in the river bed, like a spade in the soil

Si intravede la parte estrema dell'impalcato (linee blu chiaro). Da dedurre da altri immagini, è ruotato verso sinistra di 90° e cosi si pianta nell'alveo del fiume Polcerva






09 The western end of the cantilever element falls further. It is only half of the cantilever, it has somehow broken apart from its other half attingent with pylon 9
Analysis of collapse dynamics: The Mirror Cinema : 09 The western end of the cantilever element falls further. It is only half of the cantilever, it has somehow broken apart from its other half attingent with pylon 9

Si intravede la parte estrema dell'impalcato (linee blu chiaro). Da dedurre da altri immagini, è ruotato verso sinistra di 90° e cosi si pianta nell'alveo del fiume Polcerva . Dovrebbe aversi staccato -forse a causa della torsione rotatoria- dalla parte attingente al pilone.






10 The cantilever "half" attingent to the pylon comes down (yellow outline), hiding the other half from the images before (blue outline).
Analysis of collapse dynamics: The Mirror Cinema : 10 The cantilever

L'altra metà dell'impalcato entra nel campo visivo (linee gialle), nascondendo la metà visibile nelle immagini precedenti.






11 The cantilever "half" attingent to the pylon contunes its fall (yellow outline), hiding the other half from the images before (blue outline).
Analysis of collapse dynamics: The Mirror Cinema : 11 The cantilever

La metà dell'impalcato attingente al pilone continua la sua caduta (linee gialle), nascondendo la metà visibile nelle immagini precedenti.






12 while the cantilever "half" contunues to fall nearly vertically, the reflection on the wet roof changes its shape (bottom of image)
Analysis of collapse dynamics: The Mirror Cinema : 12 while the cantilever

11 Mentre continua la caduta dell'impalcato attingente al pilone 9, le riflessioni nel tetto bagnato cambiano aspetto radicalmente (in basso)






13a A horizontal crack appears in the lower base of the visible pylon leg. It will slightly tilt towards north. More debris falls on the left
Analysis of collapse dynamics: The Mirror Cinema : 13a A horizontal crack appears in the lower base of the visible pylon leg. It will slightly tilt towards north. More debris falls on the left

Una fissura appare nella base dell'antenna (che supporta i stralli, non la carreggiata). Si inclina leggermente verso nord. Altre macerie non riconoscibili raggiungono il campo visivo della telecamera.






14
Analysis of collapse dynamics: The Mirror Cinema : 14




15
Analysis of collapse dynamics: The Mirror Cinema : 15




16
Analysis of collapse dynamics: The Mirror Cinema : 16




17
Analysis of collapse dynamics: The Mirror Cinema : 17




18
Analysis of collapse dynamics: The Mirror Cinema : 18




19
Analysis of collapse dynamics: The Mirror Cinema : 19



Keyword translations Italian -- English

* tettoia edificio - roof of building
* rifessioe impalcato - mirror outline of bridge deck
* pilone 9 lato sud-ovest - south western edge of pylon 9
* impalcato pilone 8 - bridge deck part of pylon 8 (did not collapse)
* impalcato pilone 9 - bridge deck part of pylon 9 (did collapse)
* scintille rottura cavi elettrici - breaking/short circuiting electric cables emitting sparks
* caduta primi detriti - first debris falling (over river Polcevera)
* impalcato estremità ovest "spada nel Polcevers" - most western bridge deck (of pylon 9, "sword in Polcevera" (because the way it impacted)
* impalcato ovest estremità lato pilone 9 - western bridge deck close to pylon 9
* Antenna o strallo - Pylon antenna or cable stray

5. Suggested next steps / prossime analisi consigliate
It should be possible to precisely reconstruct the spatial dynamics of the collapse with the aid of 3D CAD tools. To do so, it would be necessary to exactly measure fixed points coordinates in reality and on the mirrored wet roof, like the corner of the part of the bridge that remains intact and perfectly reflects its shape in the wet root. Knowing the camera coordinates, its focal length (and distortion), it should be possible to translate the mirrored shapes back to their physical positions i

 

Switch to small slides album view
6. Simplified 3D-Anasysis
One may make use of the limited yet powerful 3D views of Google Earth to simulate the surveillance camera view. The aim is identifying from which bridge parts debris fall into the camera view, and therefore contribute to a better initial understanding of the collapse dynamics.

Note: To view an image in adequate quality, please click it, until it appears in full-screen mode!

Surveillance camera location south of pylon 9 and camera field of view (approximated)
Analysis of collapse dynamics: The Mirror Cinema : Surveillance camera location south of pylon 9 and camera field of view (approximated)




Surveillance camera location south of pylon 9 and camera field of view (approximated)
Analysis of collapse dynamics: The Mirror Cinema : Surveillance camera location south of pylon 9 and camera field of view (approximated)




Location of camera on its wall nearby pylon 9
Analysis of collapse dynamics: The Mirror Cinema : Location of camera on its wall nearby pylon 9




3D Camera field of view augmented by bridge configuration outside field of view and bridge deck reflection on wet roof (simulated)
Analysis of collapse dynamics: The Mirror Cinema : 3D Camera field of view augmented by bridge configuration outside field of view and bridge deck reflection on wet roof (simulated)

This may be a relevant view helping to determine from which part of the bridge falling debris come from. The actual field of view of the surveillance camera is outlined by a green frame. The framing especially in the distance should be quite accurate.

Note: The viewpoint chosen for this image is shifted approx. 1-2 meter to the right due to limitations of Google Earth navigability. However, the induced shift in perspective can be considered irrelevant for distant objects (i.e. riverbed and beyond)





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